Hi everyone! I`m Marta Saura Hernández and I`m the
journalist this week.
A part from the presentation, we have to do another two activities related with this topic. Here you can see our work:
First of all, we have to do an activity which consists of fill in the gap with words related to the activity.
We have decided these five words:
A ____MAP____ is the only “perfect”
representation of the Earth’s surface. All
maps are distorted in four major ways. The four ways
maps are distorted is by
the ___SHAPE_____, ____SIZE_____, ____LATITUDE_____,
and
___LONGITUDE____ of the landmasses being mapped. In
order to make maps,
projections must be made, and different projections require
different distortions.
For each projection listed below, complete the chart
for the correct information.
The second activity consisted of complete a chart with different
information about cartographic projections.
To complete this chart we had to look for information about the three projections and later on, we focus on this table to answer the big questions.
Here you can see our chart:
PROJECTION
|
ROBINSON
|
PICTURE
|
|
PURPOSE
|
It shows the world as flat. The objective was to express the whole
globe easily in a flat image. It makes various aspects of the map slightly
distorted to produce an attractive world map.
|
DISTORTION –
TYPES?
|
The meridians curve gently, avoiding extremes, but thereby stretch the
poles into long lines instead of leaving them as points.
The straight parallels imply severe angular distortion at the high
latitudes toward the outer edges of the map.
Robinson maps show lines of latitude as parallel straight lines and
lines of longitude as nonparallel lines.
|
DISTORTION – AREAS
THAT ARE MOST
DISTORTED?
|
This projection tried to stretch the globe, so countries trended to be
bigger in the north and south than countries located near equator, which are
more close to the real dimension. In this case, Canada is bigger than its
dimension on reality. On the contrary, Italy is smaller than its dimension on
reality.
|
THERE IS MORE
THAN ONE VERSION?
|
The development of the Robinson projection is unique
in that it was a response to a request by a map and atlas production company
(Rand McNally) to develop a better visual representation of the world for use
in its publications.
|
PROBLEMS?
|
The projection is not equal or conformal, because Robison thought that
the globe would be shown as a whole. The Robinson projection is not
equidistant; there is no point or points from which all distances are shown
accurately.
|
SOCIO-CULTURAL
IMPLICATIONS OF
USING IT AS A
LEARNING
RESOURCE?
|
It was a response to a request by a map and atlas
production company (Rand McNally) to develop a better visual representation
of the world for use in its publications. It has also been adopted by the
National Geographic Society for use in many of the maps featured in its
magazine and map products.
|
|
|
PROJECTION
|
MERCATOR
|
PICTURE
|
|
PURPOSE
|
It tried to represent the globe on a cylindrical surface.
|
DISTORTION –
TYPES?
|
Mercator projection
distorts the size and shape of large objects, as the scale increases from the
Equator to the poles, where it becomes infinite. The lines of latitude and lines of longitude appear as straight lines running
parallel and perpendicular to each other. The distances and areas are greatly
distorted in higher latitudes.
|
DISTORTION – AREAS
THAT ARE MOST
DISTORTED?
|
The Mercator projection
exaggerates areas far from the equator.
With this projection, Canada takes as
much space on the map as Africa,
when in reality Africa is bigger than Canada. Italy takes fewer space than
Tasmania Island, because the latter is near south pole.
|
THERE IS MORE
THAN ONE VERSION?
|
In 1772 Johann
Heinrich Lambert released the Transverse Mercator projection. It is based on
the highly successful of Mercator
Projection. The main
strength of the Mercator projection is that it is highly accurate near the
Equator and the main problem with the projection is that distortions increase
away from the Equator. This set of virtues and vices meant that the
Mercator projection is highly suitable for mapping places which have an east-west
orientation near to the Equator but not suitable for mapping places which
have are north-south orientation (eg South America).
|
PROBLEMS?
|
Mercator projection doesn`t keep the
relationships among areas of different levels of latitude. The Mercator projection is not suited to
general reference world maps because of its distortion of land area.
|
SOCIO-CULTURAL
IMPLICATIONS OF
USING IT AS A
LEARNING
RESOURCE?
|
Many major online
street mapping services (Google Maps) use a variant of the Mercator
projection for their map images, despite
its obvious scale variation at small scales, the projection is well-suited as
an interactive world map. Mercator projection is still the standard for many
world nautical charts. It is also still commonly used in many classrooms for
large wall maps of the world.
|
|
|
PROJECTION
|
AZIMUTHAL
|
PICTURE
|
|
PURPOSE
|
It represents all points on the map at proportionately correct
distances from the center point, and that all points on the map are at the
correct direction from the center point.
|
DISTORTION –
TYPES?
|
Distances and directions
to all places are true only from the center point of projection. Areas
located in the center point have right dimension whereas areas located far
from this point have several distortions in their distances.
|
DISTORTION – AREAS
THAT ARE MOST
DISTORTED?
|
In
Azimuthal projection we can see that areas, for example Canada, have right or
similar dimensions that we have nowadays in our maps because they are near to
the center point. If we have a look of an area located in the equator, for
example Italy, we can observe that their dimension are distort from the
reality.
|
THERE IS MORE
THAN ONE VERSION?
|
The oldest known record of this projection is from Ptolemy in about 150 AD. However it is believed that this
projection was well known long before that time – probably as far back as the
2nd century BC.
|
PROBLEMS?
|
Distances are correct between points along straight lines through the
center. All other distances are incorrect. Distortion of areas and shapes
increases with distance from center point. Azimuthal projection is neither equal-area nor conformal.
|
SOCIO-CULTURAL
IMPLICATIONS OF
USING IT AS A
LEARNING
RESOURCE?
|
It is most commonly used over Polar areas, but can be used for small
scale maps of continents such as
Australia.
The advantage of this is that for a place of interest a map which uses
the Stereographic projection and is centred on that place of interest true
distances, can be calculated to other places of interest.
|
As I said before, to complete this chart I looked for information in some interesting webpages. Have a look!
We are continuing with the activity, soon we will see our work.
Post made by the journalist: Marta Saura Hernández.
Problem: there are fragments completely copied from other sites on the Internet without reference... this is plagiarism, and plagiarism will be grade with a 0. SO solve it AND, don't it again,
ResponderEliminar